The health status, aging anxiety, social networking, generativity, and happiness of late middle-aged adults / 한국간호교육학회지

Purpose@#This study was conducted to identify the relationship of health status, aging anxiety, social networking, generativity, and happiness and to investigate the main factors influencing happiness of late middle-aged adults. @*Methods@#The study collected data from a total of 153 middle-aged men and women aged 50 to 64 years old from a consumer panel of Macromill-Embrain, the biggest online survey provider in Korea. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 22.0 program. @*Results@#The subjects’ happiness mean score was 16.17±9.29. Statistically significant differences in happiness were found according to education (F=4.38, p=.014), economic status (t=5.13, p<.001), and religion (t=2.18, p=.031). Happiness was correlated significantly with health status (r=.41, p<.001), aging anxiety (r=-.62, p<.001), family support (r=.43, p<.001), friend support (r=.36, p<.001) and generativity (r=.63, p<.001). The factors influencing happiness of late middle-aged adults were generativity (β=.37, p<.001), aging anxiety (β=-.35, p<.001), family support (β=.20, p<.001), and economic status (β=.13, p=.033). The explanatory power of the model was 58.0%. @*Conclusion@#This study will be used as basic data when developing a nursing intervention program for successful aging by identifying factors that affect the happiness of late middle-aged adults.

Influence of Appearance Stress, Ego-Resilience, Interpersonal Relations and Depression on Eating Attitude in Women Undergraduates / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the degree of appearance stress, ego-resilience, interpersonal relations, depression, and eating attitude and to investigate the main factors influencing eating attitude in women undergraduates. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 238 women undergraduates. Data analyses were done using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The mean score for eating attitude was 0.36. There were statistically significant differences in appearance stress and interpersonal relations according to type of eating attitude. Also, appearance stress, interpersonal relations, and depression were significant predictors explaining 39% of the variance in eating attitude. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the factors influencing eating attitude should be considered when developing nursing interventions to change poor eating attitude for women undergraduates.

Influence of Malnutrition and Social Network on Health-related Quality of Life in Elders / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship of malnutrition, social network and health-related quality of life and to investigate the main factors influencing health-related quality of life in elders. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 196 elders. Data analysis was done using SPSS 18.0 pc+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The average score for health related quality of life was 3.33 (SD=0.86). Differences in health-related quality of life were statistically significant according to age, gender, occupation, presence of spouse, monthly income, source of income, economic status, medicine, and existence of chronic disease. Health-related quality of life was significantly correlated with malnutrition and social network. Major factors affecting health related quality of life for elders were malnutrition, occupation, age, social network, and economic status which explained 52.0% of the variance in health related quality of life. CONCLUSION: Findings provide a basis for developing nursing interventions to improve health-related quality of life. Future studies are needed a wide variety of variables that might influence health-related quality of life in elders.

Factors affecting Quality of Life according to BMI of Women College Students / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting quality of life according to Body Mass Index (BMI) of women college students. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires. Participants were 348 women college students. Data analysis was done using SPSS/WIN 18.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchial multiple regression. RESULTS: According to BMI, 3 groups of students were identified. Differences between the groups for quality of life were significant. The major factors affecting quality of life in the underweight group were departments (college), body stress and ego-resilience which explained 27.9% of the variance in quality of life. Body stress and ego-resilience were significant predictors explaining 23.1% of the variance in quality of life in the normal weight group. Ego-resilience was also a significant predictor in the overweight group explaining 15.2% of the variance in quality of life. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate a need to decrease body stress and strengthen ego-resilience to improve quality of life of women college students. Further studies are needed to examine nursing intervention strategies for improving quality of life for women college students.

Factors Influencing Ego-Integrity in Community Dwelling Elders / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship of perceived health status, depression, meaning of life, and family function and to ego integrity, and to investigate the main factors influencing ego-integrity in community dwelling elders. METHOD: The research design for this study was a descriptive survey design using a convenience sampling. Data collection was done using self-report questionnaires with 157 community dwelling elders located in 3 cities, Seoul, Seosan and Gyungju. Data analysis was done using SPSS 15.0 pc+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: There were significant differences between ego-integrity according to gender, religion, economic level and amount of spending money. Ego-integrity had significant positive correlations with perceived health status, meaning of life, family function and a negative correlations with depression. The major factors that affect ego-integrity in community dwelling elders were self-awareness and acceptance, contentedness with past and present, gender and family function, which explained 62.7% of ego-integrity. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study provide a comprehensive understanding of ego-integrity and related factors for community dwelling elders.

Predictors of Acculturative Stress among Chinese Students in Korea / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of acculturative stress among Chinese students in Korea. METHODS: Between October and December 2009, two hundred one Chinese students from three universities located in Cungnam province, were included in the current study using a questionnaire survey. Data analysis was done using SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. RESULTS: The average score of acculturative stress was 38.50+/-6.97. There were significant differences in acculturative stress according to educational level, economic status, type of residence, speaking skill in Korean, listening skill in Korean, grade point average, satisfaction for studying abroad, and perceived health status. The acculturative stress was significantly correlated with depression, resilience and social support. The strongest predictor of acculturative stress among Chinese students was depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that developing programs to improve psychological health may provide a buffer against acculturative stress experienced by migrating Chinese students. Furthermore, more studies are needed to explore variables that influence on the international students' acculturation in Korea.

Influencing Factors on Fatigue of Middle Aged Women / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the reported factors influencing fatigue of middle aged women. METHODS: Two hundred seven middle aged women between 40 and 59 years of age were recruited from five areas in Korea from March 1, 2010, to April 20, 2010. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS/WIN 15.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The average score of fatigue was 2.34+/-0.40. There were significant differences in reported fatigue according to economic status and health status. The reported fatigue was significantly correlated with somatic attribution, psychological attribution, normalizing attribution, depression, marital adjustment, stress, and social support. The major factors that affect fatigue in middle aged women were stress, depression, and normalizing attribution, which explained 32.3% of fatigue. CONCLUSION: The findings can reduce the fatigue by controlling stress and depression. Additionally, this study can understand the attribution of fatigue in middle aged women. More studies are needed to identify other variables that influence on the fatigue of middle aged women.

Health Status and Resilience according to Acculturation Types among Chinese Students in Korea / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to identify the health status and reported resilience according to acculturation type among Chinese students in Korea. METHODS: The subjects were 386 Chinese students studying in three universities in Chungnam province. The data were collected by standardized questionnaires and SPSS/WIN 15.0 program was used to analyze the data with descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test, and ANOVA. RESULTS: Subjects reported the following Acculturation type: integration (26.7%), assimilation (28.5%), separation (32.4%), and marginalization (12.4%). The reported resilience was significantly different according to economic status. The health status was significantly different according to religion and economic status. Acculturation type was significantly different according to age, educational level, length of stay, type of residency and economic status working style. The health status and resilience were significantly different according to acculturation type. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that integration of acculturation type is most useful to health status and resilience among Chinese students in Korea. Future studies need to examine acculturation type as coping strategy for foreign students' adaptation.

A Study on Chronic Pain, Pain Coping, and Depression according to Attributions of Somatic Symptoms among Elderly People / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine differences in chronic pain, pain coping, and depression according to attributions of somatic symptoms among the elderly. METHOD: Data were collected by self-report questionnaires from 195 persons age 65 or over. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Scheffe's test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in chronic pain among the elders according to educational level and duration of pain, and in passive coping according to gender, physical function and duration of pain. There were statistically significant differences among the elders in active coping according to amount of spending money, in depression according to age, educational level, amount of spending money, and physical function. There also were statistically significant differences in chronic pain, pain coping, and depression according to attributions of somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that elders who have somatic attributions are incline to complain more severe chronic pain, to cope passively, and to manifest more severe depression than elders who have normalizing attributions. Continuous research is needed to improve effective nursing interventions for attributions of somatic symptoms among elders.

The Study of Premenstrual Syndrome, Dysmenorrhea, and Stress according to the Gender Role Identity of Female University Students / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the differences in the degree of premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, and stress according to the gender role identity of female university students. METHODS: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 308 female university students. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple-range test. RESULTS: The most prevalent type of premenstrual syndrome was androgenic(33.8%), followed by undifferentiated(25.0%). There was a significant difference in dysmenorrhea according to residence. In addition, there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome according to age, and in stress according to age and economic status. Also, there was no significant difference according to dysmenorrhea and there were significant differences in premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea according to gender role identity. Premenstrual syndrome and stress were the most prevalence in female type, but the lowest severe in masculine type. CONCLUSION: The study variables can be influencing factors in the gender role identity of female university students. Also, the findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing interventions to establish the gender role identity of female university students.

The Study of Fatigue, Perceived Health Status, Marital Adjustment and Stress in Middle Aged Women / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explain the relationship between fatigue and other variables(perceived health status, marital adjustment and stress), and define the main factors influencing fatigue in middle aged women. METHODS: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 212 middle aged women. Data analysis was done with the SPSS 11.0 pc+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score of fatigue was 2.30(+/-0.46), perceived health status was 2.82(+/-0.68), marital adjustment was 2.86(+/-0.44), and stress was 2.43(+/-0.61). There were significant correlations between fatigue and the other variables(r=.56-.21, p=.00). The major factors that affect fatigue in middle aged women were stress, perceived health status, and marital adjustment, which explained 35.2% of fatigue. CONCLUSION: These variables have an effect on middle aged women's fatigue. Therefore, these findings can provide the basis for the development of nursing interventions to manage fatigue.

A Study on Chronic Pain, Pain Beliefs, Pain Coping, and Fatigue in the Elderly / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study were to examine the relationship among chronic pain, pain beliefs, pain coping, and fatigue and to define the main factors influencing chronic pain in the elderly. METHOD: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 276 Korean elderly. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Chronic pain score was 5.45, which was slightly higher than the average. There were significant differences in chronic pain according to age, marital state, economic state, and duration of pain. There was a significant positive correlation between chronic pain and pain beliefs, passive pain coping, physical fatigue and mental fatigue. In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between chronic pain and active pain coping. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 44% of the variance in chronic pain was significantly accounted for by passive pain coping(31%), pain beliefs(8%), physical fatigue(4%), and active pain coping(1%). CONCLUSION: These results suggested that pain beliefs, pain coping, and fatigue can be influencing factors on chronic pain for the elderly. Also, the findings can provide a basis for nursing intervention development to effectively manage chronic pain for the elderly.

A Study of the Relationship of Chronic Pain, Pain Coping, Fatigue, Self-esteem, and Depression in Elders / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the relationship among the variables, chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. METHOD: Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from 270 older adults. Data analysis was done with SPSS 10.1 for descriptive statistics and a PC LISREL program for covariance structural analysis. RESULTS: According to modified model, chronic pain was found to have a significant direct and total effect on pain coping. Chronic pain and pain coping were found to have a significant direct and total effect on fatigue. Chronic pain, pain coping and fatigue were found to have a significant direct and total effect on self-esteem. Chronic pain, pain coping, and self-esteem were found to have a significant direct effect on depression. CONCLUSION: This modified model is considered appropriate for explaining the relationship among chronic pain, pain coping, fatigue, self-esteem, and depression in elders. Also, the findings support the development of an intervention strategy to relieve chronic pain in elders.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of a Self-Efficacy Promoting Program / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of a self-efficacy promoting program and analyze its components. METHOD: The material used for this study were 18 self-efficacy promoting program studies carried out from Jan. 1980 to Oct. 2003. The studies were analyzed in different categories: 1) types of dependent variables 2) sample characteristics 3) types of experimental treatment conditions 4) types of self-efficacy source and 5) total amount of time RESULT: 1) The weighted mean of a self-efficacy promoting program ranged from 1.383 to 0.015 2) for the experimental treatment condition, exercise had a much larger effect in increasing general self-efficacy and self-care than education 3) the studies using 3 sources had a much larger effect in increasing self-care than the studies using 4 sources 4) a time period longer than 900 minutes had a much larger effect in increasing specific self-efficacy, general self-efficacy and self-care than in a time period shorter than 900 minutes. 5) effect size of specific self-efficacy was significantly higher than general self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: These results can be used to guide the development of a self-efficacy promoting program for nursing practice.

Influencing Factors of Climacteric Women's Depression / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to define the main factors influencing depression of climacteric women. METHOD: The data was analyzed using a SAS 6.12 PC+ program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Two hundred seventy climacteric women between 40 and 59 years old were recruited from 6 areas in Korea from Oct. 5, 2002 to Dec. 13, 2002. The reliability of the 7 instruments were tested with Cronbach's alpha which ranged from .82 to .95. RESULT: The results were as follows : The mean depression score was 14.17, which was slightly high. The depression was influenced significantly by occupation, economic status, and menopause status. There were significant correlations between all the predictive variables and the depression(r=.73~ -.17, p <.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that 59% of the variance in depression was significantly accounted by stress(53%), climacteric symptoms(3%), marital adjustment (2%), and health promotion behavior(1%). CONCLUSION: In reducing the climacteric women's depression, the above major influencing factors should be considered.

Analysis of Nursing Interventions Performed by Chosunjok Nurses in Yanbian Using NIC / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: To identify nursing interventions performed by Chosunjok nurses in Yanbian using NIC. METHODS: The sample consisted of 36 nurses working in 2 hospitals. The Nursing Interventions Use Questionnaire developed by the Iowa Intervention Project team was used for data collection. The instrument was translated to Korean using the method of back-translation. RESULTS: Twenty-eight interventions were performed at least daily. Interventions in the Physiological: Basic domain were most frequently used at least daily. The most frequently used interventions was Positioning, followed by the interventions Pressure Ulcer Prevention, Intravenous (IV) Therapy, Hypothermia Treatment and Intravenous (IV) Insertion. The least frequently used interventions was Electronic Fetal Monitoring: Antepartum. Nurses working in special medical care units performed interventions most often, while nurses working in general surgical units performed them least. Nurses working in general medical, special medical and other care units performed interventions in the Physiological domain more often than the nurses working in general surgical units. CONCLUSION: Chosunjok nurses in Yanbian performed physiological interventions frequently. Further studies will be needed to compare interventions performed by nurses in two countries.

A Concept Analysis of Well-Being: In the Lives of Korean Elderly / 성인간호학회지

Well-being has been considered to be an important nursing concept. However, there is no agreement among nurse researchers as to a conceptual definition of well-being and a similar concept to well -being. Clarification of the concept, well-being in nursing, is necessary to promote communication among nurses and to efficiently apply nursing intervention. This research was designed to analyze the concept and to make a definition of well-being in the lives of Korean Elderly. The study used the concept analysis approach developed by Walker and Avant(1995), and interviews. Firstly, well-being was defined as the balance and harmony of the internal and external environments and as the pursuit of improvement. Attributes of well-being were defined as follows: 1) homeostasis 2) harmony 3) fulfilment 4) pursuit of improvement And empirical referents were followed as: 1) health status, degree of activities of daily living, 2) degree of happiness, degree of satisfaction, 3) self-efficacy, self-esteem, 4) support, interpersonal relationships, social-leisure activity, 5) economic status, 6) degree of belief, 7) space and facilities Consequently, this study has identified the definition and attributes of "well -being" and has located empirical referents through concept analysis and interviews.